Short answer
A stool softener such as docusate draws water into stool so it is softer and easier to pass. Product labels describe it as usually working within 12 to 72 hours. Softeners are often used short term, for example after surgery or childbirth. Whether any constipation treatment is right for you depends on your situation. Ask a pharmacist or doctor before using one, especially for children, in pregnancy or for long-term use. This page does not recommend any product.
What do stool softeners do?
Stool softeners, also called emollient laxatives, contain docusate sodium or docusate calcium. They let water and fats mix into the stool, so it is softer. They do not stimulate the bowel to move, which is why they act gently and slowly.
Do stool softeners work?
They are widely used, but published research on how well docusate works for constipation varies. Which product, if any, is right for you depends on your situation. A doctor or pharmacist can advise.
When are stool softeners used?
Stool softeners are commonly used for short periods to avoid straining, for example after surgery or childbirth, or with hemorrhoids.
- After surgery or childbirth, to avoid straining
- With hemorrhoids or an anal fissure, to reduce pain
- With medicines that cause hard stool, such as opioids, if advised by a clinician
- For people who should not strain, such as after a heart attack, if advised by a clinician
What other constipation treatments are there?
| Option | How it works | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Fiber, fluids, activity | Adds bulk and water, stimulates movement | Ask your doctor what is suitable for you. |
| Bulk-forming fiber (psyllium) | Absorbs water to add bulk | Read the label and ask a pharmacist. |
| Osmotic laxatives (polyethylene glycol, magnesium hydroxide) | Pull water into the bowel | Not suitable for everyone, for example some people with kidney disease. |
| Stimulant laxatives (senna, bisacodyl) | Make the bowel contract | Read the label and ask a pharmacist. |
| Stool softeners (docusate) | Let water mix into stool | Read the label and ask a pharmacist. |
Safety points from product labels
- Always read and follow the product label, including how long you can use it.
- Labels warn against combining docusate with mineral oil.
- Ask a doctor or pharmacist before giving any laxative or softener to a child, and in pregnancy or if you have kidney disease or bowel problems.
- Severe belly pain, nausea or vomiting with no bowel movement needs medical care, not a laxative.
When should you see a doctor about constipation?
See a doctor if constipation lasts more than a week or two despite treatment, or if you need laxatives regularly.
Call a doctor
- Constipation that lasts more than a week or two despite treatment
- Constipation that is new and lasts, especially over age 45
- Needing laxatives regularly
Get care now
- Severe belly pain or swelling, with vomiting and no stool or gas
- Blood in stool, or black tarry stool
Warning signs to know
These are signs that published medical guidance says need prompt or urgent care. The list is not complete, and ticking boxes cannot tell you whether you are ill. If you are worried, contact a clinician whatever you tick.
Questions people ask
How long does a stool softener take to work?
Usually 12 to 72 hours. It is not meant for quick relief.
Is a stool softener the same as a laxative?
A stool softener is a gentle type of laxative. Other laxatives work in different ways, such as adding bulk, drawing in water, or stimulating the bowel.
Can I take a stool softener every day?
Only as the label or your doctor allows. See a doctor if you find you need it regularly.
Are stool softeners safe in pregnancy?
Ask your midwife, obstetrician or pharmacist before taking any medicine in pregnancy.
What can I use instead of a stool softener?
A doctor or pharmacist can explain the options and which, if any, suit you.
Sources
Important. This page is general information only. It is not medical advice and is not a substitute for advice, diagnosis or treatment from a qualified healthcare professional. StoolColor is not written or reviewed by a doctor, and using this site does not create a doctor-patient relationship. Always ask a doctor or other qualified clinician about any symptom or medical question, and never ignore or delay professional advice because of something you read here.
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